The Role of Online Social Capital in Advancing Sustainable Development Goals: A Review of Empirical Studies

Abstract

The rapid expansion of digital communication technologies has transformed the ways individuals interact, collaborate, and exchange information. One significant outcome of this transformation is the emergence of online social capital, which refers to the networks, relationships, and resources developed through online platforms. This study reviews empirical research examining the relationship between online social capital and sustainable development. Sustainable development aims to balance economic growth, social welfare, and environmental protection to ensure long-term societal well-being. Through a systematic review of empirical studies published between 2010 and 2021, this paper evaluates how online social networks facilitate knowledge sharing, community engagement, and collaborative initiatives that contribute to sustainable development. The review highlights that online social capital can enhance civic participation, support innovation, and strengthen community resilience. However, challenges such as digital inequality, information overload, cyberbullying, and filter bubbles may limit its effectiveness. The findings suggest that while online social capital provides significant opportunities for promoting sustainable development, it must be supported by strong institutional frameworks and offline social networks. The paper concludes by identifying research gaps and suggesting directions for future research and policy development.