From Nurture to Knowledge: Connecting the Dots of Parenting Styles with Adults’ Temperament and Academic Success

Abstract

Background: Healthy parenting results in the healthy physical and psychological development of adults. It means that influence on healthy parenting results in enthusiastic, innovative, optimistic, achievement-oriented, or career-focused adults. In contrast, depressive, pessimistic, low self-esteem, and low achievement-oriented adults had a basis of poor or unhealthy parenting style. As adults grow into an adult, their personality gets sharpened with time. The basics of their personality result in their out or underperformance in their personal and professional life.

Objective: The current study focused on this developmental basis concerning adult temperament and academic achievement. It focuses on how different parenting styles affect temperament and academic achievement.

Methods: These constructs were measured among a random sample of 272 university students using the Parental Authority Questionnaire and the Adult Temperament Questionnaire.

Results: The correlation analysis indicated that authoritative parenting positively relates to effortful control, extraversion, and academic achievement, while it is negatively associated with negative affect and orienting sensitivity. In the context of authoritarian parenting, negative affect and orienting sensitivity are positively associated, while effortful control, extraversion, and academic achievement are negatively associated it. Alternatively, permissive parenting only had a negative relationship with extraversion. Similarly, multiple regression results indicated that authoritative parenting significantly impacts negative affect, effortful control, and academic achievement.

Conclusion and Implications: Authoritarian parenting significantly impacts negative affect and effortful control and permissive parenting only impacts effortful control. These findings had significant implications in the respective areas of measured constructs.