The Role of Ethnicity in Post-Conflict Peace Building: A Case Study of Rwanda, Bosnia and Sri Lanka

Abstract

This paper examines the role of ethnicity in post-conflict peacebuilding, focusing on Rwanda as a primary case study and drawing comparisons with Bosnia and Sri Lanka. It explores how ethnic divisions, often rooted in colonial legacies, have shaped conflict dynamics and influenced recovery processes. The study delves into Rwanda's post-genocide strategies, including institutional reforms, justice mechanisms, economic reconstruction, and reconciliation programs, highlighting both successes and challenges. The research contrasts Rwanda's approach to the institutionalized ethnic divisions in Bosnia and the majoritarian policies in Sri Lanka, offering insights into the complexities of balancing ethnic identities in peacebuilding. Key lessons emphasize the importance of inclusive governance, equitable resource distribution, grassroots reconciliation, and the integration of justice and economic development in fostering long-term peace. The findings contribute to understanding how ethnic dynamics can either hinder or promote stability in divided societies.