Non-Traditional Maritime Security (NTMS) Challenges to the Economic Security of the States in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR): A Case Study of Pakistan

Abstract

Non-traditional maritime security challenges have a substantial impact on the economic security of the coastal and littoral states in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) including Pakistan. All coastal and littoral states of the IOR confront security challenges in their marine zones and areas of responsibility such as illegal immigration, smuggling, narcotics, and climate change for ensuring economic and national security. The objectives of the undertaken research are to examine the impact of NTMS challenges on the economic security of Pakistan, to understand the linkages between non-traditional maritime security challenges and  economic vulnerabilities of Pakistan, and to propose recommendations for mitigating non-traditional maritime security challenges. A qualitative and deductive research approach is utilized in this research. it is explanatory in terms of its purpose. Both primary and secondary evidence have been utilized to support the core argument. The resilience theory serves as a theoretical framework for this research.